2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语 浙江卷.docx
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2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语 浙江卷.docx
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（浙江卷）
（选择题部分）
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）
从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
1. — Hey, can I ask you a favor?
— Sure, ________
A. here you are.B. just as I thought.
C. how is it going? D. what can I do for you?
2. Mary worked here as a ________ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.
A. pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious
3. I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed
C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed
4. As the world’s population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth B. supply C. package D. list
5. The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom
6. If we leave right away, ________ we’ll arrive on time.
A. hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually
7. ________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
8. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is
9. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ________ it with important points.
A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold
10. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________ sharply.
A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing
11. Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A. these B. some C. ones D. those
12. A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A. realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding
13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where C. when D. why
14. It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. ________, I will set the table.
A. As a result B. On the whole C. In the meanwhile D. As a matter of fact
15. People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A. a；an B. a；不填 C. 不填； the D. the；an
16. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that C. which D. whether
17. Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up C. bring up D. take up
18. If what your friend comes up with surprises you, don’t reject it immediately. ________, imagine that it is true.
A. Thus B. Besides C. RatherD. Otherwise
19. There are some health problems that, when ________ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated
C. not to be treated D. not having been treated
20.— Excuse me, but could I trouble you for some change?
— ________. Will pennies do?
A. I know B. Never mindC. I am sure D. Let me see
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然从21～40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program. In my application letter, I was careful to 21 how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words. Once I 22 that I was going, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and 23 friends. While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was 24 , nothing about my term in France was what I 25 .
The moment I arrived in Paris, I was 26 by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. My entire experience was joyous and exciting 27 I received some shocking news from my program coordinator: there had been a death in my host parents’ extended family. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to 28 out of one family’s house into another. The exchange coordinator told me I’d have a
29 this time and asked whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid the temptation to
30 my native language, I asked not to be 31 with an English-speaking roommate. When I got to my new room, I 32 myself to my new roommate Paolo, a Brazilian the same age as I, whom I was surprised to find playing one of my favorite CDS! In just a few hours, we knew we’d be good friends for the rest of the 33 .
I left France with many 34 , so when people asked me what my favorite part of the trip was, they are always 35 to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and scores of weekdays in class, weeknights on the town, and weekends 36 France we enjoyed together. I love how people 37 seem so different, but end up being so
38 . The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasn’t just to respect the French people 39 to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away. I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful 40 .
21.A discussB. express C. announce D. argue
22.A approved B. knewC. warned D. denied
23.A stubborn B. anxious C. universal D. interesting
24.A .boring B. upsetting C. exiting D. promising
25.A .expected B. liked C. doubted D. feared
26.A. sponsored B. witnessed C. greeted D. supported
27.A. until B. when C. since D. while
28. A. move B. travel C. walk D. rush
29. A. housekeeper B. leader C. roommate D. colleague
30. A .learn B. appreciate C. speak D. master
31. A .combined B. fitted C. involvedD. placed
32. A .added B. introduced C. devoted D. adapted
33. A .term B. week C. month D. vacation
34. A .presents B. suitcase C. storiesD. dreams
35. A .surprised B. disturbed C. embarrassed D. connected
36. A .studying B. exploring C. describingD. investigating
37. A .need B. shall C. must D. can
38. A .generous B. independentC. similarD. distant
39. A .and B. but C. or D. so
40. A. instructions B. friendships C. facts D. data
第二部分 阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）
第一节：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows (犁), or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention.
A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world. (478 words)
41. What probably led to the start of advertisement?
A. The discovery of iron. B. The specialization of labor.
C. The appearance of new jobs. D. The development of farming techniques.
42. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright __________.
A. praised his plows in public B. placed a sign outside the shop
C. hung an arrow pointing to the shop D. showed his products to the customers
43. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to __________.
A. explain the origin of advertising B. predict the future of advertising
C. expose problems in advertising D. provide suggestions for advertising
44. In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who __________.
A. owned a ship B. had the loudest voice
C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers D. functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial
45. The last two paragraphs are mainly about __________.
A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertising
C. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertising
B
Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, why are veins (静脉) blue?Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.Which works harder, your heart or your brain?That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall our when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity (重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.Why does spinning make you dizzy (眩晕的)?Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not.Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy, it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. (596 words)
46. What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A. Blue B. Light yellow C. Red D. Dark reddish purple
47. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A. Because their spine is in active use.
B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C. Because they keep growing backwards.
D. Because their spine becomes more bent.
48. Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
49. What is the main purpose of the selection?
A. To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B. To provide information about our body.
C. To challenge new findings in medical research.
D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
C
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代物).
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.”
50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A. Warmth B. Milk C. Contact D. Trust
51. After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is __________.
A. larger in size B. closer to them
C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against
52. What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?
A. Attention B. Softness C. Confidence D. Interest
53. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, __________.
A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around
54. The main purpose of the passage is to __________.
A. give the reasons for the experiment B. present the findings of the experiment
C. introduce the method of the experiment D. describe the process of the experiment
D
In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English.
School started, but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country. Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began. I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms. I was a young woman from New York City, who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time.
But, still, I was teaching English. I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixth-grade class—seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavio
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（浙江卷）
（选择题部分）
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）
从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
1. — Hey, can I ask you a favor?
— Sure, ________
A. here you are.B. just as I thought.
C. how is it going? D. what can I do for you?
2. Mary worked here as a ________ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.
A. pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious
3. I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed
C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed
4. As the world’s population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth B. supply C. package D. list
5. The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom
6. If we leave right away, ________ we’ll arrive on time.
A. hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually
7. ________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
8. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is
9. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ________ it with important points.
A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold
10. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________ sharply.
A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing
11. Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A. these B. some C. ones D. those
12. A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A. realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding
13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where C. when D. why
14. It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. ________, I will set the table.
A. As a result B. On the whole C. In the meanwhile D. As a matter of fact
15. People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A. a；an B. a；不填 C. 不填； the D. the；an
16. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that C. which D. whether
17. Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up C. bring up D. take up
18. If what your friend comes up with surprises you, don’t reject it immediately. ________, imagine that it is true.
A. Thus B. Besides C. RatherD. Otherwise
19. There are some health problems that, when ________ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated
C. not to be treated D. not having been treated
20.— Excuse me, but could I trouble you for some change?
— ________. Will pennies do?
A. I know B. Never mindC. I am sure D. Let me see
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然从21～40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program. In my application letter, I was careful to 21 how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words. Once I 22 that I was going, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and 23 friends. While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was 24 , nothing about my term in France was what I 25 .
The moment I arrived in Paris, I was 26 by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. My entire experience was joyous and exciting 27 I received some shocking news from my program coordinator: there had been a death in my host parents’ extended family. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to 28 out of one family’s house into another. The exchange coordinator told me I’d have a
29 this time and asked whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid the temptation to
30 my native language, I asked not to be 31 with an English-speaking roommate. When I got to my new room, I 32 myself to my new roommate Paolo, a Brazilian the same age as I, whom I was surprised to find playing one of my favorite CDS! In just a few hours, we knew we’d be good friends for the rest of the 33 .
I left France with many 34 , so when people asked me what my favorite part of the trip was, they are always 35 to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and scores of weekdays in class, weeknights on the town, and weekends 36 France we enjoyed together. I love how people 37 seem so different, but end up being so
38 . The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasn’t just to respect the French people 39 to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away. I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful 40 .
21.A discussB. express C. announce D. argue
22.A approved B. knewC. warned D. denied
23.A stubborn B. anxious C. universal D. interesting
24.A .boring B. upsetting C. exiting D. promising
25.A .expected B. liked C. doubted D. feared
26.A. sponsored B. witnessed C. greeted D. supported
27.A. until B. when C. since D. while
28. A. move B. travel C. walk D. rush
29. A. housekeeper B. leader C. roommate D. colleague
30. A .learn B. appreciate C. speak D. master
31. A .combined B. fitted C. involvedD. placed
32. A .added B. introduced C. devoted D. adapted
33. A .term B. week C. month D. vacation
34. A .presents B. suitcase C. storiesD. dreams
35. A .surprised B. disturbed C. embarrassed D. connected
36. A .studying B. exploring C. describingD. investigating
37. A .need B. shall C. must D. can
38. A .generous B. independentC. similarD. distant
39. A .and B. but C. or D. so
40. A. instructions B. friendships C. facts D. data
第二部分 阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）
第一节：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows (犁), or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention.
A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world. (478 words)
41. What probably led to the start of advertisement?
A. The discovery of iron. B. The specialization of labor.
C. The appearance of new jobs. D. The development of farming techniques.
42. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright __________.
A. praised his plows in public B. placed a sign outside the shop
C. hung an arrow pointing to the shop D. showed his products to the customers
43. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to __________.
A. explain the origin of advertising B. predict the future of advertising
C. expose problems in advertising D. provide suggestions for advertising
44. In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who __________.
A. owned a ship B. had the loudest voice
C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers D. functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial
45. The last two paragraphs are mainly about __________.
A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertising
C. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertising
B
Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, why are veins (静脉) blue?Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.Which works harder, your heart or your brain?That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall our when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity (重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.Why does spinning make you dizzy (眩晕的)?Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not.Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy, it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. (596 words)
46. What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A. Blue B. Light yellow C. Red D. Dark reddish purple
47. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A. Because their spine is in active use.
B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C. Because they keep growing backwards.
D. Because their spine becomes more bent.
48. Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
49. What is the main purpose of the selection?
A. To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B. To provide information about our body.
C. To challenge new findings in medical research.
D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
C
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代物).
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.”
50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A. Warmth B. Milk C. Contact D. Trust
51. After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is __________.
A. larger in size B. closer to them
C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against
52. What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?
A. Attention B. Softness C. Confidence D. Interest
53. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, __________.
A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around
54. The main purpose of the passage is to __________.
A. give the reasons for the experiment B. present the findings of the experiment
C. introduce the method of the experiment D. describe the process of the experiment
D
In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English.
School started, but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country. Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began. I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms. I was a young woman from New York City, who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time.
But, still, I was teaching English. I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixth-grade class—seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavio