精品解析：【全国百强校】河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期七调考试英语试题（解析版）.doc
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精品解析：【全国百强校】河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期七调考试英语试题（解析版）.doc
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who is the man probably speaking to?
A. A doctor. B. A nurse. C. A patient.
2. Why did Sam call the man?
A. To get his notes back.
B. To borrow the man’s notes.
C. To ask about a math problem.
3. What is the man’s plan for this afternoon?
A. To go out with Mom. B. To go to the mall. C. To visit a relative.
4. What’s the woman going to do?
A. Do the typing. B. Read the paper aloud. C. Check for typing errors.
5. How much total should the man pay for the tickets?
A. $ 300. B. $ 260. C. $ 120.
第二节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did the woman ask Sarah about the room?
A. At about 3:30. B. At about 3:00. C. At about 2:40.
7. What is the woman’s problem at the moment?
A. She has trouble slicing bread.
B. She failed to reserve a room.
C. She couldn’t find a knife.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. When are the children’s activities?
A. On Thursday mornings. B. On Friday mornings. C. On Saturday afternoons.
9. What activity is the woman interested in?
A. Story Time. B. Family Movies. C. Lecture Series.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How long does Henry need to work at the supermarket on Friday?
A. 3 hours. B. 6 hours. C. 8 hours.
11. What is the man’s attitude towards Henry’s dream?
A. Supportive. B. Uninterested. C. Doubtful.
12. What will the woman do next?
A. Prepare dinner. B. Mail some cards. C. Pick up her daughter.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How much has the price of the monitor gone up by?
A. 20 pounds. B. 50 pounds. C. 70 pounds.
14. What does the woman decide to buy?
A. A mouse. B. A printer. C. Some software.
15. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Repair her old monitor.
B. Introduce some software to her.
C. Send her a new price list.
16. How will the woman pay for the delivery?
A. Cash with a 15% discount.
B. Cash with no delivery charge.
C. Credit card with a small charge.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What will take place in the main theater next week?
A. Some professors will give lectures there.
B. A student film festival will be held there.
C. There will be an exhibition of photos there.
18. What is the collection in the Picture Gallery about?
A. History of the university.
B. Life of local artists.
C. Students’ social activities.
19. What will the audience visit next?
A. The Entertainment Building.
B. The Teaching Building.
C. The University Museum.
20. How soon will the audience meet again?
A. In half an hour. B. In an hour. C. In an hour and a half.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Neil Jordan, a conservation biologist, has come up with a novel method for protecting cattle from African lions: paint eyes on their behinds. The lions will think their intended prey has seen them and will give up, since they’ve lost the element of surprise.
This psychological trickery has been called “iCow”, which is actually not as strange as it sounds. The eye-like patterns on butterfly wings are known to prevent preying birds and woodcutters in Indian forests wear masks on the backs of their heads when working to discourage hungry tigers.
The inspiration for the iCow strategy came while Jordan was based in a village in Botswana, when two lionesses were killed by local farmers to revenge their cattle’s death. The African lion is a vulnerable species, with numbers dropping from over 100,000 in the 1990s to about 30,000 today. Much of that decline is due to these kinds of revengeful killings because farmers have no effective strategies for protecting their herds.
“Lions are hunters that like to attack by surprise. They move slowly, quietly and carefully to their prey, get close and jump on them unseen,” he said. When Jordan was watching a lion follow an antelope one day, he noticed the lion gave up the hunt once the antelope spotted it.
So he joined one of the local farmers on a 10-week trial study, painting eyes on one-third of a herd of 62 cattle. When the cattle returned each night, they took a head count to see how many had survived. Only three cows were killed by lions during this period-all without the painted eyes on their behinds. And all the painted cows survived. However, Jordan warned that so far this is just a promising idea. He is now back in Botswana for a more ambitious study, armed with GPS devices to better monitor the movement of predators and prey.
1. The iCow strategy is designed to .
A. kill the lions B. warn the preys of danger
C. identify the cattle D. scare off animals that kill
2. When hunting, lions like to .
A. give up halfway B. hesitate to take action
C. chase their prey steadily D. launch surprising attacks
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The iCow strategy is likely to bring great benefit.
B. In the 10-week trial study more cattle were killed.
C. The farmers will take their revenge on more lions.
D. Neil got inspiration from patterns on butterfly wings.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A
【解析】本文介绍iCow的战略，它很可能会带来巨大的利益。
1. D
推理判断题。根据第二段This psychological trickery has been called “iCow”, which is actually not as strange as it sounds. The eye-like patterns on butterfly wings are known to prevent preying birds and woodcutters in Indian forests wear masks on the backs of their heads when working to discourage hungry tigers.可知，iCow的策略是为了吓走那些杀死动物的动物。故选D。
2. D
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Lions are hunters that like to attack by surprise.可知，狩猎时，狮子喜欢发动出人意料的袭击。故选D。
3. A
推理判断题。纵观全文，特别根据最后一段中Only three cows were killed by lions during this period-all without the painted eyes on their behinds. And all the painted cows survived. However, Jordan warned that so far this is just a promising idea. He is now back in Botswana for a more ambitious study, armed with GPS devices to better monitor the movement of predators and prey.可知，iCow的战略很可能带来巨大的利益。故选A。
B
Conformity involves changing your behaviour to “fit in” or “go along” with the people around you. In some cases, this social influence might involve agreeing with or acting like the majority of people in a specific group, or involve behaving in a particular way to be viewed as “normal” by the group. Actually, conformity is something that happens regularly in our social world. Sometimes we’re aware of our behaviour, but in many cases it happens without much thought or awareness on our parts. And even in some cases we go along with things we disagree with or behave in ways we know we shouldn’t.
There are countless examples of conformity in life. For instance, a teenager dresses in a certain style because he wants to fit in with the rest of the teenagers in his social group. A woman reads a book for her book club and really enjoys it. When she attends her book club meeting, the other members all dislike the book. Rather than go against the group opinion, she simply agrees with the others that the book is terrible.
Why do we conform? In many cases, looking to the rest of the group for clues for how we should behave can actually be helpful. Others might have greater knowledge or experience than we do, so following their lead can actually be instructive. And in some cases, we conform to the expectations of the group to avoid looking foolish. This tendency can become especially strong in situations where we aren’t quite sure how to act. Additionally, there are some situations where we conform just in order to avoid punishments or gain rewards.
There are many factors that influence conformity. For example, not knowing how to perform a difficult task makes people more likely to conform. Personal characteristics such as motivation to achieve and strong leadership abilities are linked with a decreased tendency to conform. And people are more likely to conform in situations that involve between three and five other people.
4. What can we learn about conformity from the first paragraph?
A. Actually it is rare for us to conform.
B. Blind conformity should be criticized.
C. Sometimes people tend to conform unconsciously.
D. Conformity means changing your behaviour reluctantly.
5. Which of the following is a case of conformity?
A. Joining a certain organization.
B. Following the ongoing fashion.
C. Sharing something personal with others.
D. Giving up your creative ideas cautiously.
6. When are we most likely to conform according to the text?
A. When we are at a loss.
B. When we are rejected.
C. When we feel threatened.
D. When we feel uncomfortable.
7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Conformity cannot be avoided by anyone.
B. Conformity is linked to the size of the group.
C. Conformity is a natural response to challenges.
D. Conformity isn’t related to individual differences.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】从众行为包括改变你的行为，使你“合群”或“与周围的人相处”。本文介绍了从众行为的原因和因素。
4. C
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5. B
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Conformity involves changing your behaviour to “fit in” or “go along” with the people around you.由此可推知，“跟随正在进行的时尚”是“符合”的一个例子。可知答案为B。
6. A
推理判断题。根据第三段中This tendency can become especially strong in situations where we aren’t quite sure how to act.可知，当人们不知所措的时候，我们最有可能遵循。根据句意可知答案为A。
7. B
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句And people are more likely to conform in situations that involve between three and five other people.可知，从众性与群体的大小有关。故选B。
C
Over a decade ago, scientists already recognized the potential smart cloths with sensors (传感器) could improve well-being. Nowadays the industry is starting to target specific health conditions. One example is diabetes. Now, Siren Care has developed an injury-detecting sock that could help people with diabetes prevent disability. Early detection is important in this process. Since skin ulcers (溃疡) are accompanied by a rise in temperature, studies show that detecting foot skin temperature at home could significantly reduce skin ulcers. Based on this, Siren produced a sock that can measure foot temperature in real time.
What’s special about Siren’s product is that the sensors exist in the fabric of the sock. The product is powered by “SirenSmart”, a kind of electronic yarn (纱线). They weave the yarn into a sock using ordinary weaving machines and connect the final product to a PCB battery, whose lifetime is two months if used daily. The socks are only on when they’re worn; they go into sleep mode when off.
All data from the socks is sent to the Siren app using Bluetooth technology, so the user can know the condition of his/her feet in real time. The application gives foot health scores and, when necessary, warns the user to adjust activity or see a healthcare professional.
Ran Ma, the company’s CEO, explains the sock can tell the user when to see a doctor. The socks are machine-washable, and don’t need to be charged. Every six months, the user gets a new box with seven pairs of socks to replace the used ones.
Siren presented their product this year in Las Vegas and announced that they’re planning to start shipping their socks this summer. More excitingly, Siren is already planning future applications that will go beyond diabetes care. Anyway, as smart clothing becomes accessible, you’ll begin to see this health technology become more common.
8. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The result of the study. B. The problem with skins.
C. The cause of skin ulcers. D. The importance of early detection.
9. What can we learn about Siren’s smart sock from the second paragraph?
A. It can be charged. B. It is sensitive to skins.
C. Its sensors can be seen. D. It is comfortable to wear.
10. What should be the function of the smart sock?
A. It cures its user of possible illness.
B. It informs its user of his/her foot health.
C. It assists its user to make a quicker recovery.
D. It tests its user’s physical strength in real time.
11. What does the author think of the smart clothing industry?
A. It has a bright future. B. It is a profitable industry.
C. It is readily available. D. It has widely applied.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. A
【解析】十多年前，科学家们已经认识到有传感器的智能布可以改善健康状况。本文介绍了Siren的智能袜子。作者认为智能服装行业有一个美好的未来。
8. A
词义指代题。根据第一段最后两句Since skin ulcers (溃疡) are accompanied by a rise in temperature, studies show that detecting foot skin temperature at home could significantly reduce skin ulcers. Based on this, Siren produced a sock that can measure foot temperature in real time. 因为皮肤溃疡伴随着温度的升高，研究表明，在家中发现足部皮肤温度可以显著减少皮肤溃疡。以这为基础，Siren制作了一只袜子，它可以实时测量足部温度。由此可推知，this指的是研究结果。故选A。
9. B
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句The socks are only on when they’re worn; they go into sleep mode when off.可知，Siren的智能袜子对皮肤是敏感的。故选B。
10. B
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句All data from the socks is sent to the Siren app using Bluetooth technology, so the user can know the condition of his/her feet in real time.可知，智能袜子告诉使用者他/她的足部健康。故选B。
11. A
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Anyway, as smart clothing becomes accessible, you’ll begin to see this health technology become more common.可知，作者认为智能服装行业有一个美好的未来。根据句意可知答案为A。
【名师点睛】
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理找出正确答案。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。本题第4小题，是推理判断题，根据最后一段最后一句Anyway, as smart clothing becomes accessible, you’ll begin to see this health technology become more common.可知，作者认为智能服装行业有一个美好的未来。根据句意可知答案为A。
D
Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.
The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave system in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.
She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.
The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs (病菌) or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.
NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week’s announcement. So scientists could not say much about the findings. But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the University of South Florida, said she believed them. “Why are we surprised?” Noonan asked. “As a biologist, I would say life on earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”
Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries, such as Ukraine and the United States. These microbes appear to be impossible to kill. Boston said they show how difficult life on earth can be.
12. The existence of the ancient microbes relies on .
A. surrounding insects B. eating minerals
C. diverse plants D. absorbing air
13. What can we infer about the caves in Naica from the passage?
A. The walls were built during Middle Ages.
B. The temperature in the caves is quite low.
C. The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.
D. The caves have been explored since they were formed.
14. What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings?
A. Neutral. B. Doubtful.
C. Positive. D. Indifferent.
15. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.
B. Caves provide living environment for living organisms.
C. Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.
D. Scientists discover 50,000-year-old “super life” in Mexico.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. D
【解析】本文介绍，科学家在墨西哥发现了5万年前的“超级生命”。生物学家Noonan对发现物的态度是积极肯定的。
12. B
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.可知，古代微生物的存在依赖于吃矿物质。故选B.
13. C
推理判断题。根据第四段中The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs (病菌) or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.可知，在Naica山洞里的环境很难适应。故选C。
14. C
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Why are we surprised?” Noonan asked. “As a biologist, I would say life on earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”可知，生物学家Noonan对发现物的态度是积极的。故选C。
15. D
主旨大意题。根据第一段Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.可知，科学家在墨西哥发现了5万年前的“超级生命”。故选D。
【名师点睛】
弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。本题第4小题是主旨大意题，根据第一段Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.可知，科学家在墨西哥发现了5万年前的“超级生命”。故选D。
第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Is Emotional Eating?
Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of satisfying hunger. ___16___ Have you ever finished a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downed cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test? But when done a lot—especially without realizing it—emotional eating can affect weight, health and overall well-being.
Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings.___17___ One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce.___18___
Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done.___19___ It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on.
We’re all emotional eaters to a degree. But for some people emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain or other problems. One trouble with emotional eating is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it r
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who is the man probably speaking to?
A. A doctor. B. A nurse. C. A patient.
2. Why did Sam call the man?
A. To get his notes back.
B. To borrow the man’s notes.
C. To ask about a math problem.
3. What is the man’s plan for this afternoon?
A. To go out with Mom. B. To go to the mall. C. To visit a relative.
4. What’s the woman going to do?
A. Do the typing. B. Read the paper aloud. C. Check for typing errors.
5. How much total should the man pay for the tickets?
A. $ 300. B. $ 260. C. $ 120.
第二节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did the woman ask Sarah about the room?
A. At about 3:30. B. At about 3:00. C. At about 2:40.
7. What is the woman’s problem at the moment?
A. She has trouble slicing bread.
B. She failed to reserve a room.
C. She couldn’t find a knife.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. When are the children’s activities?
A. On Thursday mornings. B. On Friday mornings. C. On Saturday afternoons.
9. What activity is the woman interested in?
A. Story Time. B. Family Movies. C. Lecture Series.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How long does Henry need to work at the supermarket on Friday?
A. 3 hours. B. 6 hours. C. 8 hours.
11. What is the man’s attitude towards Henry’s dream?
A. Supportive. B. Uninterested. C. Doubtful.
12. What will the woman do next?
A. Prepare dinner. B. Mail some cards. C. Pick up her daughter.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How much has the price of the monitor gone up by?
A. 20 pounds. B. 50 pounds. C. 70 pounds.
14. What does the woman decide to buy?
A. A mouse. B. A printer. C. Some software.
15. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Repair her old monitor.
B. Introduce some software to her.
C. Send her a new price list.
16. How will the woman pay for the delivery?
A. Cash with a 15% discount.
B. Cash with no delivery charge.
C. Credit card with a small charge.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What will take place in the main theater next week?
A. Some professors will give lectures there.
B. A student film festival will be held there.
C. There will be an exhibition of photos there.
18. What is the collection in the Picture Gallery about?
A. History of the university.
B. Life of local artists.
C. Students’ social activities.
19. What will the audience visit next?
A. The Entertainment Building.
B. The Teaching Building.
C. The University Museum.
20. How soon will the audience meet again?
A. In half an hour. B. In an hour. C. In an hour and a half.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Neil Jordan, a conservation biologist, has come up with a novel method for protecting cattle from African lions: paint eyes on their behinds. The lions will think their intended prey has seen them and will give up, since they’ve lost the element of surprise.
This psychological trickery has been called “iCow”, which is actually not as strange as it sounds. The eye-like patterns on butterfly wings are known to prevent preying birds and woodcutters in Indian forests wear masks on the backs of their heads when working to discourage hungry tigers.
The inspiration for the iCow strategy came while Jordan was based in a village in Botswana, when two lionesses were killed by local farmers to revenge their cattle’s death. The African lion is a vulnerable species, with numbers dropping from over 100,000 in the 1990s to about 30,000 today. Much of that decline is due to these kinds of revengeful killings because farmers have no effective strategies for protecting their herds.
“Lions are hunters that like to attack by surprise. They move slowly, quietly and carefully to their prey, get close and jump on them unseen,” he said. When Jordan was watching a lion follow an antelope one day, he noticed the lion gave up the hunt once the antelope spotted it.
So he joined one of the local farmers on a 10-week trial study, painting eyes on one-third of a herd of 62 cattle. When the cattle returned each night, they took a head count to see how many had survived. Only three cows were killed by lions during this period-all without the painted eyes on their behinds. And all the painted cows survived. However, Jordan warned that so far this is just a promising idea. He is now back in Botswana for a more ambitious study, armed with GPS devices to better monitor the movement of predators and prey.
1. The iCow strategy is designed to .
A. kill the lions B. warn the preys of danger
C. identify the cattle D. scare off animals that kill
2. When hunting, lions like to .
A. give up halfway B. hesitate to take action
C. chase their prey steadily D. launch surprising attacks
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The iCow strategy is likely to bring great benefit.
B. In the 10-week trial study more cattle were killed.
C. The farmers will take their revenge on more lions.
D. Neil got inspiration from patterns on butterfly wings.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A
【解析】本文介绍iCow的战略，它很可能会带来巨大的利益。
1. D
推理判断题。根据第二段This psychological trickery has been called “iCow”, which is actually not as strange as it sounds. The eye-like patterns on butterfly wings are known to prevent preying birds and woodcutters in Indian forests wear masks on the backs of their heads when working to discourage hungry tigers.可知，iCow的策略是为了吓走那些杀死动物的动物。故选D。
2. D
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Lions are hunters that like to attack by surprise.可知，狩猎时，狮子喜欢发动出人意料的袭击。故选D。
3. A
推理判断题。纵观全文，特别根据最后一段中Only three cows were killed by lions during this period-all without the painted eyes on their behinds. And all the painted cows survived. However, Jordan warned that so far this is just a promising idea. He is now back in Botswana for a more ambitious study, armed with GPS devices to better monitor the movement of predators and prey.可知，iCow的战略很可能带来巨大的利益。故选A。
B
Conformity involves changing your behaviour to “fit in” or “go along” with the people around you. In some cases, this social influence might involve agreeing with or acting like the majority of people in a specific group, or involve behaving in a particular way to be viewed as “normal” by the group. Actually, conformity is something that happens regularly in our social world. Sometimes we’re aware of our behaviour, but in many cases it happens without much thought or awareness on our parts. And even in some cases we go along with things we disagree with or behave in ways we know we shouldn’t.
There are countless examples of conformity in life. For instance, a teenager dresses in a certain style because he wants to fit in with the rest of the teenagers in his social group. A woman reads a book for her book club and really enjoys it. When she attends her book club meeting, the other members all dislike the book. Rather than go against the group opinion, she simply agrees with the others that the book is terrible.
Why do we conform? In many cases, looking to the rest of the group for clues for how we should behave can actually be helpful. Others might have greater knowledge or experience than we do, so following their lead can actually be instructive. And in some cases, we conform to the expectations of the group to avoid looking foolish. This tendency can become especially strong in situations where we aren’t quite sure how to act. Additionally, there are some situations where we conform just in order to avoid punishments or gain rewards.
There are many factors that influence conformity. For example, not knowing how to perform a difficult task makes people more likely to conform. Personal characteristics such as motivation to achieve and strong leadership abilities are linked with a decreased tendency to conform. And people are more likely to conform in situations that involve between three and five other people.
4. What can we learn about conformity from the first paragraph?
A. Actually it is rare for us to conform.
B. Blind conformity should be criticized.
C. Sometimes people tend to conform unconsciously.
D. Conformity means changing your behaviour reluctantly.
5. Which of the following is a case of conformity?
A. Joining a certain organization.
B. Following the ongoing fashion.
C. Sharing something personal with others.
D. Giving up your creative ideas cautiously.
6. When are we most likely to conform according to the text?
A. When we are at a loss.
B. When we are rejected.
C. When we feel threatened.
D. When we feel uncomfortable.
7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Conformity cannot be avoided by anyone.
B. Conformity is linked to the size of the group.
C. Conformity is a natural response to challenges.
D. Conformity isn’t related to individual differences.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】从众行为包括改变你的行为，使你“合群”或“与周围的人相处”。本文介绍了从众行为的原因和因素。
4. C
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5. B
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Conformity involves changing your behaviour to “fit in” or “go along” with the people around you.由此可推知，“跟随正在进行的时尚”是“符合”的一个例子。可知答案为B。
6. A
推理判断题。根据第三段中This tendency can become especially strong in situations where we aren’t quite sure how to act.可知，当人们不知所措的时候，我们最有可能遵循。根据句意可知答案为A。
7. B
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句And people are more likely to conform in situations that involve between three and five other people.可知，从众性与群体的大小有关。故选B。
C
Over a decade ago, scientists already recognized the potential smart cloths with sensors (传感器) could improve well-being. Nowadays the industry is starting to target specific health conditions. One example is diabetes. Now, Siren Care has developed an injury-detecting sock that could help people with diabetes prevent disability. Early detection is important in this process. Since skin ulcers (溃疡) are accompanied by a rise in temperature, studies show that detecting foot skin temperature at home could significantly reduce skin ulcers. Based on this, Siren produced a sock that can measure foot temperature in real time.
What’s special about Siren’s product is that the sensors exist in the fabric of the sock. The product is powered by “SirenSmart”, a kind of electronic yarn (纱线). They weave the yarn into a sock using ordinary weaving machines and connect the final product to a PCB battery, whose lifetime is two months if used daily. The socks are only on when they’re worn; they go into sleep mode when off.
All data from the socks is sent to the Siren app using Bluetooth technology, so the user can know the condition of his/her feet in real time. The application gives foot health scores and, when necessary, warns the user to adjust activity or see a healthcare professional.
Ran Ma, the company’s CEO, explains the sock can tell the user when to see a doctor. The socks are machine-washable, and don’t need to be charged. Every six months, the user gets a new box with seven pairs of socks to replace the used ones.
Siren presented their product this year in Las Vegas and announced that they’re planning to start shipping their socks this summer. More excitingly, Siren is already planning future applications that will go beyond diabetes care. Anyway, as smart clothing becomes accessible, you’ll begin to see this health technology become more common.
8. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The result of the study. B. The problem with skins.
C. The cause of skin ulcers. D. The importance of early detection.
9. What can we learn about Siren’s smart sock from the second paragraph?
A. It can be charged. B. It is sensitive to skins.
C. Its sensors can be seen. D. It is comfortable to wear.
10. What should be the function of the smart sock?
A. It cures its user of possible illness.
B. It informs its user of his/her foot health.
C. It assists its user to make a quicker recovery.
D. It tests its user’s physical strength in real time.
11. What does the author think of the smart clothing industry?
A. It has a bright future. B. It is a profitable industry.
C. It is readily available. D. It has widely applied.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. A
【解析】十多年前，科学家们已经认识到有传感器的智能布可以改善健康状况。本文介绍了Siren的智能袜子。作者认为智能服装行业有一个美好的未来。
8. A
词义指代题。根据第一段最后两句Since skin ulcers (溃疡) are accompanied by a rise in temperature, studies show that detecting foot skin temperature at home could significantly reduce skin ulcers. Based on this, Siren produced a sock that can measure foot temperature in real time. 因为皮肤溃疡伴随着温度的升高，研究表明，在家中发现足部皮肤温度可以显著减少皮肤溃疡。以这为基础，Siren制作了一只袜子，它可以实时测量足部温度。由此可推知，this指的是研究结果。故选A。
9. B
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句The socks are only on when they’re worn; they go into sleep mode when off.可知，Siren的智能袜子对皮肤是敏感的。故选B。
10. B
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句All data from the socks is sent to the Siren app using Bluetooth technology, so the user can know the condition of his/her feet in real time.可知，智能袜子告诉使用者他/她的足部健康。故选B。
11. A
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Anyway, as smart clothing becomes accessible, you’ll begin to see this health technology become more common.可知，作者认为智能服装行业有一个美好的未来。根据句意可知答案为A。
【名师点睛】
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理找出正确答案。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。本题第4小题，是推理判断题，根据最后一段最后一句Anyway, as smart clothing becomes accessible, you’ll begin to see this health technology become more common.可知，作者认为智能服装行业有一个美好的未来。根据句意可知答案为A。
D
Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.
The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave system in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.
She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.
The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs (病菌) or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.
NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week’s announcement. So scientists could not say much about the findings. But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the University of South Florida, said she believed them. “Why are we surprised?” Noonan asked. “As a biologist, I would say life on earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”
Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries, such as Ukraine and the United States. These microbes appear to be impossible to kill. Boston said they show how difficult life on earth can be.
12. The existence of the ancient microbes relies on .
A. surrounding insects B. eating minerals
C. diverse plants D. absorbing air
13. What can we infer about the caves in Naica from the passage?
A. The walls were built during Middle Ages.
B. The temperature in the caves is quite low.
C. The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.
D. The caves have been explored since they were formed.
14. What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings?
A. Neutral. B. Doubtful.
C. Positive. D. Indifferent.
15. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.
B. Caves provide living environment for living organisms.
C. Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.
D. Scientists discover 50,000-year-old “super life” in Mexico.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. D
【解析】本文介绍，科学家在墨西哥发现了5万年前的“超级生命”。生物学家Noonan对发现物的态度是积极肯定的。
12. B
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.可知，古代微生物的存在依赖于吃矿物质。故选B.
13. C
推理判断题。根据第四段中The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs (病菌) or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.可知，在Naica山洞里的环境很难适应。故选C。
14. C
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Why are we surprised?” Noonan asked. “As a biologist, I would say life on earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”可知，生物学家Noonan对发现物的态度是积极的。故选C。
15. D
主旨大意题。根据第一段Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.可知，科学家在墨西哥发现了5万年前的“超级生命”。故选D。
【名师点睛】
弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。本题第4小题是主旨大意题，根据第一段Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.可知，科学家在墨西哥发现了5万年前的“超级生命”。故选D。
第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Is Emotional Eating?
Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of satisfying hunger. ___16___ Have you ever finished a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downed cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test? But when done a lot—especially without realizing it—emotional eating can affect weight, health and overall well-being.
Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings.___17___ One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce.___18___
Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done.___19___ It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on.
We’re all emotional eaters to a degree. But for some people emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain or other problems. One trouble with emotional eating is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it r